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There is no single genetic mechanism behind sex differences in different species and the existence of two sexes seems to have evolved multiple times independently in different evolutionary lineages. The repeated pattern is sexual reproduction in isogamous species with two or more mating types with gametes of identical form and behavior (but different at the molecular level) to anisogamous species with gametes of male and female types to oogamous species in which the female gamete is very much larger than the male and has no ability to move. There is an argument that this pattern was driven by the physical constraints on the mechanisms by which two gametes get together as required for sexual reproduction.
Other than the defining difference in the type of gamete produced, differences between males and females in one lineage cannot always be predicted by differences in another. The concept is not limited to animals; egg cells are produced by chytrids, diatoms, water moulds and land plants, among others. In land plants, ''female'' and ''male'' designate not only the egg- and sperm-producing organisms and structures, but also the structures of the sporophytes that give rise to male and female plants.
The mammalian female is characterized by having two copies of the X chromosome as opposed to the male which carries only one X and one smaller Y chromosome. To compensate for the difference in size, one of the female's X chromosomes is randomly inactivated in each cell. In birds, by contrast, it is the female who is heterozygous and carries a Z and a W chromosome whilst the male carries two Z chromosomes.
Mammalian females are characterized in that they all bear live young (with the rare exception of monotremes, which lay eggs). This is not totally unique, as some animals, such as guppies have analogous reproductive structures. In addition, some other non-mammalian animals, such as sharks, whose eggs hatch inside their bodies also have the appearance of bearing live young.
The sex of a particular organism may be determined by a number of factors. These may be genetic or environmental, or may naturally change during the course of an organism's life. Although most species with male and female sexes have individuals that are either male or female, hermaphroditic animals have both male and female reproductive organs.
Category:Gender Category:Sex Category:Women
am:ሴት (ጾታ) ar:أنثى arc:ܢܩܒܬܐ ay:Qachu bn:স্ত্রী be-x-old:Саміца br:Parez ca:Femella cv:Ама cy:Benyw de:Weibliches Geschlecht et:Naissugu el:Θηλυκό es:Hembra eo:Ina sekso fa:ماده (جنس) fr:Femelle gd:Boireannach gl:Femia ko:암컷 ig:Nwanyi id:Betina is:Kvenkyn it:Femmina (biologia) he:נקבה la:Femina (sexus) lt:Patelė ln:Ebɛ́mbɛ́ hu:Nőnem (biológia) mr:मादी ms:Betina nl:Vrouwelijk (biologie) ja:メス (動物) no:Hun oc:Femèla pl:Samica pt:Fêmea ro:Femelă qu:China uywa ru:Самка sa:स्त्री simple:Female sk:Samica so:Dhedig su:Bikang fi:Naaras sv:Hona tr:Dişi uk:Жіноча стать ur:مؤنث fiu-vro:Imäne yi:נקיבה zh-yue:乸 bat-smg:Muoterėška lītės zh:雌性This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
| Coordinates | 12°58′0″N77°34′0″N |
|---|---|
| name | Ray J |
| background | solo_singer |
| birth name | William Ray Norwood Jr. |
| born | January 17, 1981 |
| origin | Carson, California, United States |
| instrument | Vocals |
| genre | R&B, hip-hop, pop |
| occupation | Singer, songwriter, actor, record producer, rapper |
| years active | 1995–present |
| label | Atlantic, Knockout/Deja 34, E1, Koch Entertainment, Elektra |
| associated acts | Brandy, Diplo, Gucci Mane |
| website | www.rayj.com |
| notable instruments | }} |
William Ray Norwood Jr. (born January 17, 1981), better known by his stage name Ray J, is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actor.
;Studio albums
;Soundtrack albums
Category:1981 births Category:Living people Category:Actors from California Category:Actors from Mississippi Category:African American film actors Category:African American musicians Category:African American rappers Category:African American television actors Category:American male singers Category:American rhythm and blues singers Category:American child actors Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:Musicians from California Category:Musicians from Mississippi Category:Participants in American reality television series Category:People from Los Angeles County, California Category:People from McComb, Mississippi Category:Rappers from Los Angeles, California
de:Ray J es:Ray-J fr:Ray J it:Ray J ja:レイ・ジェイ pl:Ray J pt:Ray J simple:Ray J fi:Ray J sv:Ray JThis text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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